EnglishViews: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2025-10-10 Origin: Site
In the crushing industry, the core vulnerable component of the impact crusher - the plate hammer, whose material selection directly determines the crushing efficiency, operation and maintenance costs, and operational stability of the equipment. With the increasing demand for "high efficiency and low consumption" in crushing operations in fields such as sand and gravel aggregates and mining, the material of plate hammers has been upgraded from traditional single types to "customized working conditions". Its selection logic needs to revolve around three core dimensions: wear resistance, impact resistance, and toughness matching, and it needs to be supported by real working condition data and material science principles.
From the current application status of mainstream materials, high manganese steel is still a commonly used choice for basic crushing scenarios. Taking ZGMn13 series high manganese steel as an example, through its "work hardening" characteristic, when dealing with low to medium hardness materials such as limestone and dolomite (Mohs hardness ≤ 6), a hardened layer with a hardness of HB500 or above will be formed on the surface due to impact load, while the core still maintains good toughness (impact toughness α k ≥ 150J/cm ²), which can effectively prevent the plate hammer from cracking during impact crushing. However, it should be noted that the hardening effect of high manganese steel relies on sufficient impact energy. If used in scenarios with low crushing hardness and insufficient impact force in the crushing chamber, it is difficult to form a hardened layer, and instead, the service life of the plate hammer will be shortened by more than 30% due to insufficient wear resistance. This conclusion has been verified in comparative experiments at multiple sand and gravel factories.
Alloy wear-resistant steel has gradually become the preferred choice for crushing high hardness materials such as granite and basalt with a Mohs hardness of ≥ 7. This type of material forms a dispersed carbide hard phase by adding alloying elements such as chromium, molybdenum, and nickel to the matrix, while optimizing the heat treatment process (such as quenching and tempering+surface quenching) to increase the hardness to HRC50-60 and improve the wear resistance of manganese steel by 2-3 times. For example, in the operation of crushing basalt in a certain metal mine, the service life of a Cr20MoMn steel plate hammer can reach 800-1200 hours, which is more than 50% longer than traditional high manganese steel plate hammers. Moreover, due to the moderate toughness of the core (α k ≥ 30J/cm ²), the risk of fracture is significantly reduced when dealing with sudden impacts such as material inclusion of iron blocks. However, alloy wear-resistant steel requires high processing technology. If the distribution of carbides is uneven or there are internal loose defects, it is easy to cause local peeling of the plate hammer under high-frequency impact. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure material uniformity through non-destructive testing (such as ultrasonic testing).
In addition, composite material plate hammers demonstrate advantages in specific scenarios. Adopting a composite structure of "wear-resistant layer+ductile matrix", the wear-resistant layer is made of high chromium cast iron (hardness HRC60-65), and the matrix is made of low-carbon alloy steel (impact toughness α k ≥ 50J/cm ²). Metallurgical bonding is achieved through lost foam casting or surfacing technology, which not only solves the problem of low toughness and easy fracture of high chromium cast iron, but also improves the wear resistance of the plate hammer surface. In the scenario of construction waste crushing (with complex material composition, including concrete, steel bars, etc.), the service life of composite material plate hammers is about 40% longer than that of single alloy steel plate hammers, and the maintenance and replacement frequency is reduced, indirectly reducing equipment downtime.
It should be noted that there is no "optimal solution" for selecting the material of the plate hammer. It needs to be comprehensively judged based on the specific characteristics of the crushed material (hardness, compressive strength, moisture content), equipment parameters (rotor speed, crushing chamber structure), and production requirements (production capacity, product particle size). For example, when crushing soft materials with high moisture content (such as clay rock), if a high hardness material plate hammer is used, it is easy to reduce the effective crushing area of the plate hammer due to material adhesion, which in turn reduces the crushing efficiency. In this case, choosing a high manganese steel material with better toughness is more suitable; When crushing high hardness and high abrasion ores (such as iron ore), alloy wear-resistant steel or composite materials can better ensure operational stability and economy.
In the future, with the integration of materials science and intelligent manufacturing technology, the material of plate hammers will develop towards "precision customization". By establishing a matching database of material properties and operating parameters, combined with finite element analysis to simulate the stress situation of plate hammers, the optimization design of material composition and structure will be achieved, further improving the service life and crushing efficiency of plate hammers, and providing technical support for cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the crushing industry.
The above analysis is based on publicly available material test data, working condition application cases, and material science principles in the industry, without involving any specific enterprise information, and meets the objective expression requirements of advertising laws for product analysis. If further understanding of the material selection details under certain working conditions is needed, more operating parameters can be provided for in-depth exploration.
